Long-standing Hypertension Is Admitted in Patient Safety, Preventive & Ethics — 62yo Man | Ethics | SMLE Q#15769

A 62-year-old man with long-standing hypertension is admitted for blood pressure optimization. The senior resident correctly orders valsartan 40 mg orally once daily, and the order is clearly documented in the chart and electronic system. Due to charting and verification errors, the nurse instead administers digoxin, and the ward pharmacist fails to detect the discrepancy. The patient develops nausea, confusion, and arrhythmias requiring ICU transfer. Internal review confirms the prescription was correct and that both the nurse and pharmacist contributed to the error; the patient and family are not yet aware. Which of the following best describes the legal liability in this situation?